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Tuesday, September 25, 2018

An 80% Minimum NPL Coverage Ratio will Result in a Severe Undercapitalization of Some Philippine Banks - March 31, 2018

In a previous blog post called "Are Philippine Banks Under Provisioning Loan Losses? - As of March 31, 2017", we discussed the current aggregate Loan Loss Reserves (LLR) as a percentage of Total Loan Portfolio (TLP), which stood at 2.00% as of March 31, 2018, is below the historic average of 4.08% for the last thirty-four years.

 
 
 

Despite NPLs being at or near historic lows, some banks still have not adequately provisioned for loan losses. Their NPL Coverage Ratios are below the ideal ratio of 100% and even below the suggested minimum of 80% NPL Coverage Ratio.

As the table below suggests, it seems that around 30 banks (highlighted in yellow, failed banks in red) fall into this deficiency.


 
Philippine Banking System
NPL Coverage Ratio
March 31, 2018








Bank Loan Loss Provisions Gross NPLs NPL Coverage Ratio
OVERSEAS FILIPINO BANK INC A SAVINGS BANK OF LANDBANK 351,740,331.70 2,372,036,167.05 14.83%
CITY SAVINGS BANK INC 468,632,904.47 2,301,306,789.86 20.36%
ALLBANK (A THRIFT BANK) INC 32,979,738.86 134,213,404.65 24.57%
PNB SAVINGS BANK 737,210,888.12 2,124,019,395.12 34.71%
UCPB SAVINGS BANK 620,627,702.81 1,745,232,594.64 35.56%
PHILIPPINE RESOURCES SAVINGS BANKING CORPORATION (PR SAVINGS 400,401,281.25 1,062,566,562.48 37.68%
WEALTH DEVELOPMENT BANK CORPORATION 155,750,397.86 412,713,639.62 37.74%
MALASIQUI PROGRESSIVE SLB, INC 6,951,706.48 18,193,736.59 38.21%
1ST VALLEY BANK INC A DEVELOPMENT BANK 225,928,271.41 588,001,638.40 38.42%
EQUICOM SAVINGS BANK INC 234,892,363.03 611,032,784.07 38.44%
STERLING BANK OF ASIA INC (A SAVINGS BANK) 676,763,352.26 1,699,159,473.33 39.83%
ENTERPRISE BANK INC (A THRIFT BANK) 148,926,171.26 372,014,404.47 40.03%
CITYSTATE SAVINGS BANK INC 78,417,232.11 185,543,258.69 42.26%
PAMPANGA DEVELOPMENT BANK 32,319,534.28 69,353,372.83 46.60%
UNIVERSITY SAVINGS BANK INC 43,842,434.66 92,295,812.86 47.50%
PRODUCERS SAVINGS BANK CORPORATION 171,868,036.32 353,037,002.05 48.68%
LUZON DEVELOPMENT BANK 207,825,009.13 416,440,693.84 49.91%
PACIFIC ACE SAVINGS BANK INC 1,499,713.76 2,984,850.00 50.24%
RCBC SAVINGS BANK INC 2,166,957,468.17 4,109,016,585.20 52.74%
QUEZON COCONUT BANK INC (A THRIFT BANK) 1,433,319.51 2,606,066.55 55.00%
CHINA BANK SAVINGS INC 2,173,374,030.82 3,790,269,728.70 57.34%
EAST WEST BANKING CORP 6,028,528,902.09 8,930,351,011.28 67.51%
UNITED COCONUT PLANTERS BANK 3,490,576,572.71 5,128,033,818.99 68.07%
PHIL STAR DEVELOPMENT BANK INC 9,276,107.75 13,483,385.28 68.80%
BPI FAMILY SAVINGS BANK INC 7,140,640,820.52 9,790,467,131.53 72.93%
AL-AMANAH ISLAMIC INVESTMENT BANK OF THE PHILS 3,337,624.39 4,347,508.72 76.77%
HIYAS BANKING CORPORATION 28,859,545.81 37,495,017.41 76.97%
BPI DIRECT BANKO INC A SAVINGS BANK 743,711,267.25 954,911,331.10 77.88%
PHILIPPINE VETERANS BANK 1,704,851,375.58 2,181,098,696.83 78.16%
STANDARD CHARTERED BANK 2,076,857,495.38 2,628,789,265.43 79.00%
PHIL SAVINGS BANK 4,229,577,772.28 5,252,790,829.40 80.52%
LEGAZPI SAVINGS BANK INC 267,915,422.76 329,579,647.69 81.29%
BANK OF MAKATI (A SAVINGS BANK) INC 1,782,032,082.32 2,121,239,215.17 84.01%
ASIA UNITED BANK CORPORATION 2,557,307,069.63 3,026,033,955.52 84.51%
FIRST CONSOLIDATED BANK INC (A PDB) 598,493,763.36 705,237,796.65 84.86%
PENBANK INC (A PDB) (FORMERLY: PENINSULA RB INC) 127,898,091.74 145,138,725.50 88.12%
BANK ONE SAVINGS CORPORATION 44,384,460.48 49,944,276.09 88.87%
BATAAN DEVELOPMENT BANK 22,116,112.30 24,676,967.70 89.62%
PHILIPPINE BUSINESS BANK INC A SAVINGS BANK 1,529,847,756.55 1,686,555,957.00 90.71%
YUANTA SAVINGS BANK PHILIPPINES INC 103,959,106.39 113,530,881.58 91.57%
BANGKO KABAYAN INC (A PRIVATE DEVELOPMENT BANK) 27,484,231.38 29,307,273.85 93.78%
PHIL BANK OF COMMUNICATIONS 2,232,079,425.83 2,360,805,236.87 94.55%
RIZAL COMM'L BANKING CORP 3,469,857,170.18 3,569,025,053.26 97.22%
LIFE SAVINGS BANK INC 5,424,695.67 5,501,639.71 98.60%
MALAYAN BANK SAVINGS AND MORT BANK INC 414,769,389.74 406,014,848.11 102.16%
MAXIMUM SAVINGS BANK INC 10,709,623.18 10,342,264.54 103.55%
MAXIMUM SAVINGS BANK INC 10,709,623.18 10,342,264.54 103.55%
BUSINESS AND CONSUMERS BANK (A DB) 10,242,248.42 9,756,926.51 104.97%
NORTHPOINT DEV'T BANK INC 124,190,688.07 117,143,695.58 106.02%
INTER-ASIA DEVELOPMENT BANK 6,628,197.52 6,176,468.45 107.31%
DUMAGUETE CITY DEV BANK INC 19,299,237.59 17,922,228.25 107.68%
ROBINSONS BANK CORPORATION 874,576,172.78 791,070,048.46 110.56%
SUN SAVINGS BANK INC 19,612,159.35 17,732,744.36 110.60%
CORDILLERA SAVINGS BANK INC 15,115,675.60 13,442,527.92 112.45%
DEVELOPMENT BANK OF THE PHIL 7,232,794,354.83 6,314,041,316.18 114.55%
MERCHANTS SAVINGS & LOAN ASSN INC 79,906,370.97 67,454,694.49 118.46%
MERCHANTS SAVINGS & LOAN ASSN INC 79,906,370.97 67,454,694.49 118.46%
UNION BANK OF THE PHILS 8,869,250,015.55 7,464,200,947.49 118.82%
MAYBANK PHILIPPINES INCORPORATED 1,967,154,226.15 1,654,606,707.98 118.89%
CENTURY SAVINGS BANK CORPORATION 19,702,529.95 16,544,659.57 119.09%
LEMERY SAVINGS & LOAN BANK, INC. 2,374,586.45 1,981,724.21 119.82%
THE PALAWAN BANK (PALAWAN DB) INC 23,117,928.44 19,228,837.97 120.23%
BANK OF COMMERCE 2,252,201,482.03 1,714,905,631.27 131.33%
PHIL NATIONAL BANK 11,403,926,454.40 8,679,744,711.60 131.39%
FARMERS SAVINGS & LOAN BANK INC 27,019,800.14 18,191,139.09 148.53%
CTBC BANK (PHILIPPINES) CORP 753,239,497.59 496,282,907.62 151.78%
CARD SME BANK INC A THRIFT BANK 145,936,911.85 88,020,494.62 165.80%
LAND BANK OF THE PHILIPPINES 13,398,345,758.80 7,976,576,276.23 167.97%
BANK OF THE PHIL ISLANDS 16,789,943,088.53 9,962,513,455.51 168.53%
BDO UNIBANK INC 31,634,486,676.97 17,688,078,804.39 178.85%
METRO CEBU PUBLIC SAVINGS BANK 18,946,249.25 9,340,189.11 202.85%
PHIL TRUST COMPANY 2,693,239,225.85 1,277,448,244.94 210.83%
HSBC SAVINGS BANK(PHILS) INC 103,782,524.11 47,493,373.87 218.52%
METROPOLITAN BANK & TCO 17,600,268,142.31 6,457,035,907.54 272.58%
HONGKONG & SHANGHAI BANKING CORP 1,680,479,111.28 576,180,886.39 291.66%
KEB HANA BANK - MANILA BRANCH 82,992,871.97 28,266,209.64 293.61%
SECURITY BANK CORP 6,090,025,018.16 1,962,296,925.07 310.35%
CHINA BANKING CORP 8,363,288,057.83 2,569,254,055.11 325.51%
CITIBANK, N.A. 3,928,907,029.10 928,476,627.31 423.16%
QUEEN CITY DEVELOPMENT BANK INC OR QUEENBANK A THRIFT BANK 31,745,501.19 2,578,975.82 1230.93%
BANGKOK BANK PUBLIC CO LTD 411,008,000.00 30,625,504.25 1342.04%
ING BANK N.V. 89,069,918.98 106.32 83775318.83%
AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND BANKING GROUP LIMITED 142,565,127.97 0.00 NA
BANK OF AMERICA N.A. 34,093,660.58 0.00 NA
BANK OF CHINA LIMITED-MANILA BRANCH 243,551,988.51 0.00 NA
BDO PRIVATE BANK, INC. 9,599,102.90 0.00 NA
CATHAY UNITED BANK CO LTD - MANILA BRANCH 30,062,417.98 0.00 NA
DEUTSCHE BANK AG 179,433,093.04 0.00 NA
FIRST COMMERCIAL BANK LTD MANILA BRANCH 5,391,000.00 0.00 NA
HUA NAN COMMERCIAL BANK LTD MANILA BRANCH 138,745.60 0.00 NA
INDUSTRIAL BANK OF KOREA MANILA BRANCH 23,346,757.13 0.00 NA
ISLA BANK(A THRIFT BANK) INC 4,290,580.33 0.00 NA
JP MORGAN CHASE BANK NATIONAL ASSN. 16,000,000.00 0.00 NA
MEGA INT'L COMM'L BANK CO LTD 126,332,409.24 0.00 NA
MIZUHO BANK LTD - MANILA BRANCH 489,988,770.84 0.00 NA
MUFG BANK, LTD. 388,210,030.46 0.00 NA
SHINHAN BANK - MANILA BRANCH 18,617,312.96 0.00 NA
SUMITOMO MITSUI BANKING CORPORATION-MANILA BRANCH 196,596,318.46 0.00 NA
THE BNK OF TOKYO-MITSUBISHI UFJ LTD 388,210,030.46 0.00 NA
UNITED OVERSEAS BANK LIMITED MANILA BRANCH 14,166,903.20 0.00 NA
Grand Total 186,752,863,729.36 149,069,150,608.36 125.28%


Raising the NPL Coverage Ratio to a minimum of 80% will entail additional loan loss provisions for some banks that could eat into a substantial chunk (20% or more) of their Stockholder's Equity.  Based on the table below, four banks will be severely affected:


Philippine Banking System
Impact on SE of Minimum Loan Loss Provisions
March 31, 2018










Bank Gross NPLs Minimum Loan Loss Provisions at 80% NPL Coverage Ratio Stockholder's Equity Impact on SE
OVERSEAS FILIPINO BANK INC A SAVINGS BANK OF LANDBANK 2,372,036,167.05 1,897,628,933.64 575,283,935.41 -268.72%
ENTERPRISE BANK INC (A THRIFT BANK) 372,014,404.47 297,611,523.58 256,670,902.62 -57.93%
EQUICOM SAVINGS BANK INC 611,032,784.07 488,826,227.26 721,342,861.05 -35.20%
UCPB SAVINGS BANK 1,745,232,594.64 1,396,186,075.71 2,576,222,533.92 -30.10%
STERLING BANK OF ASIA INC (A SAVINGS BANK) 1,699,159,473.33 1,359,327,578.66 2,617,171,615.23 -26.08%
LUZON DEVELOPMENT BANK 416,440,693.84 333,152,555.07 569,392,826.39 -22.01%
PHILIPPINE RESOURCES SAVINGS BANKING CORPORATION (PR SAVINGS 1,062,566,562.48 850,053,249.98 2,379,962,205.92 -18.89%
MALASIQUI PROGRESSIVE SLB, INC 18,193,736.59 14,554,989.27 49,677,187.76 -15.31%
1ST VALLEY BANK INC A DEVELOPMENT BANK 588,001,638.40 470,401,310.72 1,709,639,863.89 -14.30%
WEALTH DEVELOPMENT BANK CORPORATION 412,713,639.62 330,170,911.70 1,474,283,674.61 -11.83%
PAMPANGA DEVELOPMENT BANK 69,353,372.83 55,482,698.26 207,713,272.18 -11.15%
CITYSTATE SAVINGS BANK INC 185,543,258.69 148,434,606.95 682,120,704.96 -10.26%
CITY SAVINGS BANK INC 2,301,306,789.86 1,841,045,431.89 14,203,775,349.59 -9.66%
CHINA BANK SAVINGS INC 3,790,269,728.70 3,032,215,782.96 9,053,480,327.13 -9.49%
RCBC SAVINGS BANK INC 4,109,016,585.20 3,287,213,268.16 12,686,760,226.17 -8.83%
PNB SAVINGS BANK 2,124,019,395.12 1,699,215,516.10 11,656,394,712.00 -8.25%
UNIVERSITY SAVINGS BANK INC 92,295,812.86 73,836,650.29 412,193,280.50 -7.28%
ALLBANK (A THRIFT BANK) INC 134,213,404.65 107,370,723.72 1,022,343,970.93 -7.28%
PRODUCERS SAVINGS BANK CORPORATION 353,037,002.05 282,429,601.64 1,804,812,249.70 -6.13%
UNITED COCONUT PLANTERS BANK 5,128,033,818.99 4,102,427,055.19 16,377,078,239.62 -3.74%
EAST WEST BANKING CORP 8,930,351,011.28 7,144,280,809.02 39,693,326,119.10 -2.81%
BPI FAMILY SAVINGS BANK INC 9,790,467,131.53 7,832,373,705.22 28,023,825,708.56 -2.47%
PHIL STAR DEVELOPMENT BANK INC 13,483,385.28 10,786,708.22 96,549,200.95 -1.56%
PACIFIC ACE SAVINGS BANK INC 2,984,850.00 2,387,880.00 76,338,628.27 -1.16%
PHILIPPINE VETERANS BANK 2,181,098,696.83 1,744,878,957.46 3,546,686,087.06 -1.13%
QUEZON COCONUT BANK INC (A THRIFT BANK) 2,606,066.55 2,084,853.24 59,156,808.09 -1.10%
BPI DIRECT BANKO INC A SAVINGS BANK 954,911,331.10 763,929,064.88 2,153,005,938.46 -0.94%
HIYAS BANKING CORPORATION 37,495,017.41 29,996,013.93 173,781,047.34 -0.65%
STANDARD CHARTERED BANK 2,628,789,265.43 2,103,031,412.34 6,749,665,879.36 -0.39%
AL-AMANAH ISLAMIC INVESTMENT BANK OF THE PHILS 4,347,508.72 3,478,006.98 222,678,391.14 -0.06%
HUA NAN COMMERCIAL BANK LTD MANILA BRANCH 0.00 0.00 2,095,195,148.86 0.01%
PHIL SAVINGS BANK 5,252,790,829.40 4,202,232,663.52 21,323,053,833.17 0.13%
BDO PRIVATE BANK, INC. 0.00 0.00 5,453,472,151.95 0.18%
FIRST COMMERCIAL BANK LTD MANILA BRANCH 0.00 0.00 2,008,698,173.74 0.27%
ASIA UNITED BANK CORPORATION 3,026,033,955.52 2,420,827,164.42 27,557,243,684.03 0.50%
CATHAY UNITED BANK CO LTD - MANILA BRANCH 0.00 0.00 5,182,801,228.08 0.58%
UNITED OVERSEAS BANK LIMITED MANILA BRANCH 0.00 0.00 2,380,887,784.77 0.60%
ISLA BANK(A THRIFT BANK) INC 0.00 0.00 683,537,077.73 0.63%
CENTURY SAVINGS BANK CORPORATION 16,544,659.57 13,235,727.66 1,001,502,299.84 0.65%
BANK ONE SAVINGS CORPORATION 49,944,276.09 39,955,420.87 594,847,657.82 0.74%
FIRST CONSOLIDATED BANK INC (A PDB) 705,237,796.65 564,190,237.32 4,447,438,408.10 0.77%
LEGAZPI SAVINGS BANK INC 329,579,647.69 263,663,718.15 543,738,187.58 0.78%
BANGKO KABAYAN INC (A PRIVATE DEVELOPMENT BANK) 29,307,273.85 23,445,819.08 477,960,046.90 0.84%
SHINHAN BANK - MANILA BRANCH 0.00 0.00 2,201,523,316.78 0.85%
RIZAL COMM'L BANKING CORP 3,569,025,053.26 2,855,220,042.61 68,100,028,004.45 0.90%
LEMERY SAVINGS & LOAN BANK, INC. 1,981,724.21 1,585,379.37 86,402,574.53 0.91%
INDUSTRIAL BANK OF KOREA MANILA BRANCH 0.00 0.00 2,225,788,242.42 1.05%
JP MORGAN CHASE BANK NATIONAL ASSN. 0.00 0.00 1,482,157,317.84 1.08%
BANK OF MAKATI (A SAVINGS BANK) INC 2,121,239,215.17 1,696,991,372.14 7,707,227,776.13 1.10%
YUANTA SAVINGS BANK PHILIPPINES INC 113,530,881.58 90,824,705.26 922,179,895.91 1.42%
LIFE SAVINGS BANK INC 5,501,639.71 4,401,311.77 71,170,518.33 1.44%
SUMITOMO MITSUI BANKING CORPORATION-MANILA BRANCH 0.00 0.00 13,001,868,449.98 1.51%
BANK OF AMERICA N.A. 0.00 0.00 2,096,035,697.20 1.63%
PHILIPPINE BUSINESS BANK INC A SAVINGS BANK 1,686,555,957.00 1,349,244,765.60 10,342,565,339.90 1.75%
DUMAGUETE CITY DEV BANK INC 17,922,228.25 14,337,782.60 276,295,125.48 1.80%
ROBINSONS BANK CORPORATION 791,070,048.46 632,856,038.77 12,625,207,278.85 1.91%
SUN SAVINGS BANK INC 17,732,744.36 14,186,195.49 237,598,081.14 2.28%
BANK OF CHINA LIMITED-MANILA BRANCH 0.00 0.00 10,123,673,611.68 2.41%
PENBANK INC (A PDB) (FORMERLY: PENINSULA RB INC) 145,138,725.50 116,110,980.40 486,118,728.58 2.42%
INTER-ASIA DEVELOPMENT BANK 6,176,468.45 4,941,174.76 67,741,101.66 2.49%
BUSINESS AND CONSUMERS BANK (A DB) 9,756,926.51 7,805,541.21 88,903,120.67 2.74%
BATAAN DEVELOPMENT BANK 24,676,967.70 19,741,574.16 85,864,003.12 2.77%
PHIL BANK OF COMMUNICATIONS 2,360,805,236.87 1,888,644,189.50 12,193,339,670.16 2.82%
CORDILLERA SAVINGS BANK INC 13,442,527.92 10,754,022.34 133,007,979.69 3.28%
AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND BANKING GROUP LIMITED 0.00 0.00 4,236,427,985.62 3.37%
ING BANK N.V. 106.32 85.06 2,621,198,022.76 3.40%
KEB HANA BANK - MANILA BRANCH 28,266,209.64 22,612,967.71 1,557,742,517.72 3.88%
HSBC SAVINGS BANK(PHILS) INC 47,493,373.87 37,994,699.10 1,652,823,357.98 3.98%
PHIL NATIONAL BANK 8,679,744,711.60 6,943,795,769.28 110,115,102,783.46 4.05%
UNION BANK OF THE PHILS 7,464,200,947.49 5,971,360,757.99 68,746,659,791.74 4.22%
SECURITY BANK CORP 1,962,296,925.07 1,569,837,540.06 103,960,293,797.50 4.35%
QUEEN CITY DEVELOPMENT BANK INC OR QUEENBANK A THRIFT BANK 2,578,975.82 2,063,180.66 677,897,962.11 4.38%
MERCHANTS SAVINGS & LOAN ASSN INC 67,454,694.49 53,963,755.59 568,142,385.86 4.57%
MERCHANTS SAVINGS & LOAN ASSN INC 67,454,694.49 53,963,755.59 568,142,385.86 4.57%
DEVELOPMENT BANK OF THE PHIL 6,314,041,316.18 5,051,233,052.94 47,564,672,250.07 4.59%
BANK OF THE PHIL ISLANDS 9,962,513,455.51 7,970,010,764.41 186,071,504,302.11 4.74%
MAXIMUM SAVINGS BANK INC 10,342,264.54 8,273,811.63 49,297,891.97 4.94%
MAXIMUM SAVINGS BANK INC 10,342,264.54 8,273,811.63 49,297,891.97 4.94%
CTBC BANK (PHILIPPINES) CORP 496,282,907.62 397,026,326.10 7,057,736,654.89 5.05%
MAYBANK PHILIPPINES INCORPORATED 1,654,606,707.98 1,323,685,366.38 12,672,853,485.28 5.08%
BANK OF COMMERCE 1,714,905,631.27 1,371,924,505.02 15,421,530,110.54 5.71%
BDO UNIBANK INC 17,688,078,804.39 14,150,463,043.51 298,798,395,425.01 5.85%
METROPOLITAN BANK & TCO 6,457,035,907.54 5,165,628,726.03 207,671,217,224.36 5.99%
LAND BANK OF THE PHILIPPINES 7,976,576,276.23 6,381,261,020.98 108,366,736,685.40 6.48%
MEGA INT'L COMM'L BANK CO LTD 0.00 0.00 1,895,565,404.00 6.66%
CARD SME BANK INC A THRIFT BANK 88,020,494.62 70,416,395.70 1,035,686,910.72 7.29%
MALAYAN BANK SAVINGS AND MORT BANK INC 406,014,848.11 324,811,878.49 1,200,949,700.84 7.49%
PHIL TRUST COMPANY 1,277,448,244.94 1,021,958,595.95 21,772,279,045.71 7.68%
DEUTSCHE BANK AG 0.00 0.00 2,293,567,648.05 7.82%
THE BNK OF TOKYO-MITSUBISHI UFJ LTD 0.00 0.00 4,665,723,811.53 8.32%
CHINA BANKING CORP 2,569,254,055.11 2,055,403,244.09 74,797,575,576.60 8.43%
MUFG BANK, LTD. 0.00 0.00 4,583,142,130.78 8.47%
NORTHPOINT DEV'T BANK INC 117,143,695.58 93,714,956.46 351,178,908.00 8.68%
MIZUHO BANK LTD - MANILA BRANCH 0.00 0.00 5,575,924,360.63 8.79%
HONGKONG & SHANGHAI BANKING CORP 576,180,886.39 460,944,709.11 13,633,923,197.71 8.94%
FARMERS SAVINGS & LOAN BANK INC 18,191,139.09 14,552,911.27 132,521,313.38 9.41%
BANGKOK BANK PUBLIC CO LTD 30,625,504.25 24,500,403.40 3,148,882,045.35 12.27%
CITIBANK, N.A. 928,476,627.31 742,781,301.85 15,758,089,456.63 20.22%
METRO CEBU PUBLIC SAVINGS BANK 9,340,189.11 7,472,151.29 54,425,535.71 21.08%
THE PALAWAN BANK (PALAWAN DB) INC 19,228,837.97 15,383,070.38 36,601,723.72 21.13%
Grand Total 149,069,150,608.36 119,255,320,486.69 1,709,500,114,946.55 3.95%



Source: www.bsp.gov.ph


Out of the five banks highlighted in yellow, three banks have been regularly listed as one of the "The Top Distressed Philippine Banks as of March 31, 2018".

The most notable of the banks in this list is Overseas Filipino Bank Inc. The bank faces a shortfall of 268.72% of its stated stockholder's equity of Php 575.29 million if it were to increase its loan loss provisions to meet a minimum NPL Coverage Ratio of 80%. In short, it's equity would be completely wiped out and then some if the bank were to properly account for its losses.


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