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Sunday, November 10, 2019

Are Philippine Banks Under Provisioning Loan Losses? - As of June 30, 2019

Are Philippine banks under provisioning loan losses?    

On the face of it, no.    

At 1.56% as of June 30, 2019, NPLs as a percentage of Total Loan Portfolios are at historic lows.


Although the NPL Coverage Ratio is near historic highs at 113.24% as of June 30, 2019, it has dropped considerably from its peak of 149.53% as of December 31, 2017.


However, NPLs can go much higher than current levels.  Over the past thirty-six years, NPLs as a percentage of Total Loan Portfolios averaged 7.79% for Philippine Universal and Commercial Banks. Moreover, Loan Loss Reserves (LLR) as a percentage of Total Loan Portfolio (TLP) have averaged 4.44% for the past thirty-five years.  As can be seen from the chart below, loan loss reserves hit a peak of 22.23% of TLP in 1986, an outlier.  Without this outlier, LLR/TLP average is 4.73% for the past thirty-five years.




As of June 30, 2019, LLR/TLP stands at 1.77%, which is below the historical average of 4.44%, indicating that Philippine banks are under-provisioning for loan losses, given historical norms. If Philippine banks were to maintain higher loan loss provisions to conform to historical averages, bank earnings will suffer but will be better provisioned for future losses.

Now, which banks have not adequately provisioned for loan losses at their current NPL levels, which are at historic lows? Those highlighted in yellow (below 80% NPL Coverage Ratio) are prime candidates.


 
Philippine Banking System
NPL Coverage Ratio
June 30, 2019








Bank Loan Loss Provisions Gross NPLs NPL Coverage Ratio
GRAND-AGRI RURAL BANK 10,988,170.55 82,349,235.22 13.34%
UCPB SAVINGS BANK 639,477,443.05 2,946,045,527.61 21.71%
PNB SAVINGS BANK 1,769,122,416.33 7,574,467,665.24 23.36%
GOLDEN RURAL BANK OF THE PHILIPPINES INC 9,836,289.69 41,907,426.93 23.47%
NEW RB OF SAN LEONARDO(N.E.) INC 27,246,834.76 97,013,991.04 28.09%
AMA RURAL BANK OF MANDALUYONG INC 154,372,964.62 540,392,913.87 28.57%
EAST WEST RURAL BANK INC 290,258,714.33 1,002,096,412.64 28.97%
BANGKO KABAYAN INC (A PRIVATE DEVELOPMENT BANK) 16,580,775.36 56,251,573.86 29.48%
BENGUET CENTER BANK INC A RB 12,466,080.95 41,233,482.95 30.23%
RANG-AY BANK INC (A RURAL BANK) 50,981,947.38 158,399,716.91 32.19%
MARITIME SAVINGS BANK CORPORATION 6,948,645.24 21,052,842.28 33.01%
RB OF ALABEL (SARANGANI) INC 15,347,625.97 46,337,857.51 33.12%
AGRIBUSINESS RURAL BANK INC 203,113,649.26 581,610,381.17 34.92%
CITYSTATE SAVINGS BANK INC 52,238,312.19 139,036,870.65 37.57%
SAVIOUR RURAL BANK INC 20,638,792.82 54,792,521.77 37.67%
1ST VALLEY BANK INC A DEVELOPMENT BANK 221,124,450.97 581,049,521.67 38.06%
RB OF MIAGAO (ILOILO) INC 17,298,952.02 44,919,128.09 38.51%
SUGBUANON RB INC 15,069,900.69 37,075,317.17 40.65%
CITY SAVINGS BANK INC 1,541,200,332.64 3,738,301,962.68 41.23%
LUZON DEVELOPMENT BANK 242,241,207.57 571,144,553.49 42.41%
MVSM BANK (A RURAL BANK SINCE 1953) INC 19,854,217.30 46,668,835.66 42.54%
RCBC SAVINGS BANK INC 1,813,544,263.04 4,226,686,913.71 42.91%
WEALTH DEVELOPMENT BANK CORPORATION 162,085,067.38 367,143,778.76 44.15%
ENTERPRISE BANK INC (A THRIFT BANK) 189,912,010.92 429,084,186.91 44.26%
STERLING BANK OF ASIA INC (A SAVINGS BANK) 739,945,621.16 1,666,793,325.24 44.39%
PAMPANGA DEVELOPMENT BANK 35,511,952.91 79,181,672.84 44.85%
EQUICOM SAVINGS BANK INC 348,421,359.20 773,494,229.76 45.05%
RB OF CARDONA (RIZAL) INC 46,143,662.75 101,516,992.03 45.45%
PANGASINAN BANK (A RB) INC 16,703,078.52 36,168,033.76 46.18%
PACIFIC ACE SAVINGS BANK INC 4,960,057.63 10,546,229.00 47.03%
QUEZON COCONUT BANK INC (A THRIFT BANK) 1,284,232.61 2,695,722.73 47.64%
RB OF PORAC (PAMPANGA) INC 52,167,484.25 109,448,726.13 47.66%
ENTREPRENEUR RB INC 26,455,011.30 55,492,694.09 47.67%
FIRST ISABELA COOP BANK (FICOBANK) 82,182,634.21 171,514,480.68 47.92%
RB OF BAY INC 9,025,338.02 18,383,438.34 49.09%
BANGKO MABUHAY (A RURAL BANK) INC 46,780,009.94 94,805,328.67 49.34%
BALANGA RURAL BANK, INC. 14,352,361.97 28,784,548.23 49.86%
UNITED COCONUT PLANTERS BANK 3,333,810,601.15 6,650,533,946.46 50.13%
BPI FAMILY SAVINGS BANK INC 5,887,647,288.45 11,640,059,814.56 50.58%
COMMON WEALTH RURAL BANK INC 22,063,712.64 43,011,316.79 51.30%
PRODUCERS SAVINGS BANK CORPORATION 255,014,952.37 485,260,014.67 52.55%
RB OF SOLANO (NUEVA VIZCAYA) INC 20,719,723.92 38,525,988.83 53.78%
CHINA BANK SAVINGS INC 1,961,558,377.60 3,632,513,432.17 54.00%
COUNTRY BUILDERS BANK INC (A RURAL BANK) 38,331,239.64 70,653,514.70 54.25%
MALLIG PLAINS RURAL BANK (ISABELA) INC 14,587,698.52 26,270,322.33 55.53%
RB OF GENERAL TRIAS INC 20,935,313.22 37,682,105.61 55.56%
MOUNT MAKILING RURAL BANK INC 26,790,655.44 47,678,344.89 56.19%
PHIL SAVINGS BANK 3,538,355,930.94 6,199,224,521.79 57.08%
GM BANK OF LUZON INC (A RURAL BANK) 151,407,764.89 259,336,684.98 58.38%
RB OF CAUAYAN INC 27,102,716.20 46,408,343.09 58.40%
METRO SOUTH COOP BANK 203,184,510.32 346,923,542.45 58.57%
BANGKO MONTANOSA INC (A RURAL BANK) 13,646,503.31 22,940,970.31 59.49%
QUEZON CAPITAL RB INC 47,703,204.38 79,179,648.99 60.25%
EAST WEST BANKING CORP 6,309,952,786.96 10,457,836,710.66 60.34%
RB OF POLA (ORIENTAL MINDORO) INC 32,098,210.45 52,942,925.32 60.63%
PHILIPPINE BUSINESS BANK INC A SAVINGS BANK 1,105,993,060.15 1,803,315,009.77 61.33%
BOF INC (A RURAL BANK) 77,658,062.03 124,648,443.70 62.30%
GUAGUA RURAL BANK INC 152,991,978.60 245,502,718.30 62.32%
RB OF MARIA AURORA (AURORA) INC 32,810,056.15 52,597,766.00 62.38%
VILLAGE BANK INC (A RURAL BANK) 37,762,487.79 60,530,637.70 62.39%
RB OF PILAR (BATAAN) INC 22,121,654.11 35,187,284.39 62.87%
BATAAN DEVELOPMENT BANK 23,074,579.11 35,750,758.66 64.54%
FIRST CONSOLIDATED BANK INC (A PDB) 620,206,490.20 956,967,717.93 64.81%
BANK OF MAKATI (A SAVINGS BANK) INC 1,627,356,328.06 2,508,990,801.06 64.86%
ALLBANK (A THRIFT BANK) INC 49,596,511.42 75,861,417.62 65.38%
LEMERY SAVINGS & LOAN BANK, INC. 2,596,522.43 3,971,483.13 65.38%
NORTH PACIFIC BANKING CORPORATION (A RB OF STA MARIA ISABELA 7,472,157.55 11,340,333.74 65.89%
RB OF DUMANGAS INC 18,139,999.87 27,310,549.36 66.42%
CEBUANA LHUILLIER RB INC 14,986,797.78 22,501,582.15 66.60%
COOP BANK OF CAGAYAN 54,711,697.28 81,684,666.20 66.98%
MALARAYAT RB INC 25,826,737.95 38,523,343.74 67.04%
CAMALIG BANK INC (A RURAL BANK) 34,116,554.88 50,794,013.49 67.17%
RB OF SAN LUIS (PAMPANGA) INC 12,049,937.14 17,749,636.92 67.89%
RB OF MANGALDAN INC(BANGKO RURAL NG MANGALDAN INK) 16,651,161.87 24,484,506.62 68.01%
MALAYAN BANK SAVINGS AND MORT BANK INC 173,740,168.17 254,526,657.94 68.26%
RB OF STA ROSA DE LIMA (PANIQUI TARLAC) INC 15,250,254.73 22,247,888.54 68.55%
LIFE SAVINGS BANK INC 5,424,695.67 7,906,155.76 68.61%
MACTAN RURAL BANK (LAPU-LAPU CITY) INC 37,993,630.64 55,210,930.86 68.82%
INSULAR SAVERS BANK INC (A RURAL BANK) 96,559,419.80 139,977,540.21 68.98%
ASIA UNITED BANK CORPORATION 1,818,695,561.82 2,631,203,878.59 69.12%
RIZAL COMM'L BANKING CORP 5,800,130,498.38 8,326,889,748.07 69.66%
CAVITE UNITED RURAL BANK CORP 43,724,621.72 62,428,235.50 70.04%
UNION BANK OF THE PHILS 6,681,249,241.73 9,532,820,583.10 70.09%
PEOPLES BANK OF CARAGA INC (A RURAL BANK) 306,682,396.53 433,893,593.97 70.68%
PLANBANK "RB OF CANLUBANG PLANTERS INC" 56,051,192.21 77,429,075.49 72.39%
ALIAGA FARMERS RURAL BANK INC 94,909,339.06 129,518,276.46 73.28%
RB OF ITOGON (BENGUET) INC 23,724,023.50 31,889,140.26 74.40%
STANDARD CHARTERED BANK 1,944,775,206.20 2,592,434,091.74 75.02%
LIBERTY BANK (A RURAL BANK) INC 27,674,666.92 36,746,833.57 75.31%
HIYAS BANKING CORPORATION 23,077,032.77 30,162,575.93 76.51%
RB OF SAN NARCISO INC 15,366,709.77 19,929,864.60 77.10%
SUMMIT BANK (RB OF TUBLAY INC) 101,519,240.65 131,093,102.90 77.44%
RB OF BAYOMBONG INC 11,818,625.58 15,229,025.08 77.61%
RB OF BAGABAG (N.V.)INC 48,525,941.84 62,093,278.59 78.15%
DUMAGUETE CITY DEV BANK INC 19,299,237.59 24,445,167.10 78.95%
RB OF SAN PASCUAL(OBANDO BULACAN)INC 21,256,011.54 26,833,620.67 79.21%
RIZAL MICROBANK INC - A THRIFT BANK OF RCBC 68,054,923.05 85,543,473.49 79.56%
COOPERATIVE BANK OF NUEVA VIZCAYA 27,785,450.80 34,752,304.89 79.95%
SOUTH BANK (A RURAL BANK) INC 32,813,045.36 41,023,950.51 79.99%
PHIL BANK OF COMMUNICATIONS 2,188,709,127.49 2,732,579,273.18 80.10%
MINDANAO CONSOLIDATED COOPERATIVE BANK 148,353,206.17 183,515,155.78 80.84%
NATIONAL TEACHERS & EMP. COOP BANK 20,103,328.18 24,832,147.00 80.96%
COOP BANK OF PALAWAN 103,374,530.16 127,466,386.58 81.10%
RB OF POZORRUBIO INC 16,919,283.54 20,850,766.46 81.14%
COOPERATIVE BANK OF BOHOL 41,254,828.17 50,686,881.52 81.39%
FIRST TAGUM RURAL BANK INC 63,673,458.35 78,177,476.71 81.45%
TANAY RB INC 194,907,784.81 237,048,294.30 82.22%
FARMERS SAVINGS & LOAN BANK INC 27,933,377.97 33,694,382.12 82.90%
IMUS RURAL BANK INC 10,262,966.38 12,284,080.80 83.55%
RB OF MAGDALENA (LAGUNA) INC 32,999,868.45 38,408,603.94 85.92%
MT CARMEL RURAL BANK INC 193,613,312.07 223,553,910.96 86.61%
LEGAZPI SAVINGS BANK INC 278,762,129.74 321,330,025.83 86.75%
PHIL STAR DEVELOPMENT BANK INC 10,259,216.38 11,760,293.28 87.24%
BANCO MEXICO INC (A RURAL BANK) 22,240,987.56 25,342,069.57 87.76%
RB OF LEBAK (SULTAN KUDARAT) INC 40,433,999.42 45,926,165.87 88.04%
DEVELOPMENT BANK OF THE PHIL 7,789,647,334.24 8,813,211,119.11 88.39%
GUAGUA SAVERS BANK(A RB) INC 10,460,371.42 11,828,608.09 88.43%
RB OF MIDSAYAP INC 10,975,443.18 12,396,230.94 88.54%
CANTILAN BANK INC (A RURAL BANK) 258,079,589.08 290,965,828.64 88.70%
BANK ONE SAVINGS CORPORATION 44,360,195.39 49,920,011.00 88.86%
HIGHLAND RURAL BANK INC 19,849,937.35 22,328,121.70 88.90%
CONSOLIDATED COOPERATIVE BANK 324,009,513.58 362,574,808.38 89.36%
INTER-ASIA DEVELOPMENT BANK 8,123,012.62 9,066,391.00 89.59%
RB OF DIGOS INC 30,817,528.59 34,382,833.31 89.63%
ASPAC RURAL BANK INC 96,626,966.56 107,529,911.70 89.86%
DUNGGANON BANK (A MICROFINANCE RURAL BANK) INC 34,956,430.56 38,855,230.12 89.97%
ROBINSONS BANK CORPORATION 824,968,256.24 916,440,426.90 90.02%
RURAL BANK OF PLACER (SURIGAO DEL NORTE) INC 34,559,220.20 38,323,141.22 90.18%
SUN SAVINGS BANK INC 23,027,190.27 25,526,547.20 90.21%
RB OF CENTRAL PANGASINAN (BAYAMBANG) INC 37,833,357.14 41,479,450.45 91.21%
ILOCOS CONSOLIDATED COOPERATIVE BANK 80,997,914.59 86,967,202.69 93.14%
LAGUNA PRESTIGE BANKING CORPORATION (A RURAL BANK) 13,556,709.28 14,530,347.10 93.30%
YUANTA SAVINGS BANK PHILIPPINES INC 98,900,351.89 105,736,501.82 93.53%
BPI DIRECT BANKO INC A SAVINGS BANK 786,026,671.72 834,934,345.27 94.14%
PBCOM RURAL BANK INC 446,636,076.01 472,819,084.63 94.46%
RB OF GATTARAN (CAGAYAN) INC 20,599,097.71 21,700,567.30 94.92%
RB OF PARACALE(CAMARINES NORTE) INC 27,123,022.29 28,551,779.06 95.00%
COMMTY RB OF CATMON (CEBU) INC 39,010,269.60 40,969,098.27 95.22%
LAND BANK OF THE PHILIPPINES 17,472,306,606.63 18,162,941,930.24 96.20%
CARD MRI RIZAL BANK INC A MICROFINANCE-ORIENTED RURAL BANK 78,953,123.18 81,947,472.98 96.35%
SECURED BANK INC (A RB) 20,729,485.55 21,373,202.85 96.99%
CARD BANK INC (A MF RB) 254,919,448.92 257,496,463.74 99.00%
RB OF MARAGONDON INC 29,599,525.10 29,781,695.66 99.39%
NORTHPOINT DEV'T BANK INC 89,815,729.09 90,028,876.10 99.76%
MARAYO BANK INC (A RURAL BANK) 157,520,672.76 157,728,615.51 99.87%
ZAMBALES RURAL BANK INC 37,501,192.03 37,484,829.02 100.04%
RB OF MABALACAT INC 41,668,514.01 41,610,302.04 100.14%
D' ASIAN HILLS BANK INC (A RURAL BANK) 162,642,653.42 161,198,181.96 100.90%
PENBANK INC (A PDB) (FORMERLY: PENINSULA RB INC) 80,875,847.83 79,974,104.03 101.13%
BHF RURAL BANK INC 27,708,377.08 27,142,266.86 102.09%
BANCO LAGUNA INC (A RURAL BANK SINCE 1965) 24,952,440.99 24,222,775.84 103.01%
ONE NETWORK BANK INC (A RURAL BANK OF BDO) 2,083,959,124.17 2,005,939,592.46 103.89%
RB OF PANDI (BULACAN) INC 17,567,682.83 16,884,968.74 104.04%
RB OF PILAR (SORSOGON) INC 19,622,807.43 18,592,938.34 105.54%
RB OF ANGELES INC 204,984,345.99 189,998,493.41 107.89%
MANOR BANK - A RURAL BANK CORP 6,438,338.05 5,939,421.09 108.40%
CORDILLERA SAVINGS BANK INC 14,379,069.48 13,263,531.79 108.41%
RB OF BAMBANG (NUEVA VIZCAYA) INC 48,308,715.43 43,646,905.02 110.68%
RB OF ANTIPOLO INC 16,540,383.77 14,806,951.66 111.71%
UNIVERSITY SAVINGS BANK INC 33,806,861.19 29,985,639.73 112.74%
FILIDIAN RURAL BANK OF ANTIPOLO INC 9,096,354.91 7,913,785.55 114.94%
MAYBANK PHILIPPINES INCORPORATED 2,617,186,642.06 2,258,451,509.45 115.88%
RB OF SAN MATEO(ISABELA) INC 30,513,086.36 26,118,664.65 116.82%
COOP BANK OF QUEZON PROVINCE 29,729,386.91 24,777,541.93 119.99%
KATIPUNAN BANK INC "A RURAL BANK" 83,638,947.40 69,484,029.19 120.37%
COMMTY RB OF DAPITAN CITY INC 50,350,694.86 41,334,083.72 121.81%
BDO UNIBANK INC 25,414,757,917.31 20,833,908,639.61 121.99%
STA MARIA RURAL BANK INC 5,408,692.40 4,392,965.58 123.12%
RB OF TANGUB CITY (MIS OCC) INC 37,455,873.88 30,246,201.48 123.84%
SECURITY BANK CORP 5,649,169,460.11 4,406,636,420.47 128.20%
GATEWAY RURAL BANK INC 28,178,813.44 21,556,865.18 130.72%
RURAL BANK OF SAN ANTONIO INC 52,665,645.94 39,265,071.65 134.13%
CTBC BANK (PHILIPPINES) CORP 995,324,497.30 716,644,755.17 138.89%
RB OF RIZAL (ZAMBOANGA DEL NORTE) INC 24,587,960.73 17,696,712.28 138.94%
RB OF DULAG (LEYTE) INC 13,215,360.44 9,460,842.75 139.68%
COOP BANK OF COTABATO 131,769,100.42 92,929,765.00 141.79%
RNG COASTAL BANK INC(A RURAL BANK) 17,629,252.45 12,401,963.34 142.15%
BANK OF THE PHIL ISLANDS 17,948,203,212.62 12,541,858,927.78 143.11%
RB OF SAN AGUSTIN (ISABELA) INC 22,911,301.36 15,977,258.53 143.40%
BANK OF COMMERCE 2,228,997,008.82 1,554,238,219.13 143.41%
LIFEBANK- A RURAL BANK 19,747,668.50 13,534,222.62 145.91%
CARD SME BANK INC A THRIFT BANK 245,982,270.63 165,716,786.77 148.44%
RB OF GUINOBATAN INC 30,398,168.68 19,799,020.54 153.53%
METROPOLITAN BANK & TCO 18,636,221,344.87 12,048,716,824.88 154.67%
RB OF ROSARIO (LA UNION) INC 6,103,952.39 3,910,768.63 156.08%
PHIL NATIONAL BANK 15,494,390,259.54 9,809,450,471.82 157.95%
RBT BANK INC A RURAL BANK 13,608,976.72 8,216,043.87 165.64%
RB OF MONTALBAN INC 5,160,255.06 3,043,187.99 169.57%
INNOVATIVE BANK INC (A RURAL BANK) 4,105,914.14 2,397,127.10 171.28%
CENTURY SAVINGS BANK CORPORATION 19,537,665.62 11,290,928.72 173.04%
CHINA BANKING CORP 5,540,563,529.44 3,200,023,055.18 173.14%
CENTURY RURAL BANK INC 14,068,211.52 7,856,502.66 179.06%
RB OF BARILI (CEBU) INC 42,553,873.15 23,263,335.20 182.92%
RB OF JAEN INC 9,503,484.27 5,130,195.06 185.25%
BANKWAYS INC (A RURAL BANK) 91,835,788.90 48,312,370.15 190.09%
RB OF GLORIA (OR MIN) INC 3,527,808.33 1,850,822.35 190.61%
HSBC SAVINGS BANK(PHILS) INC 54,792,689.82 24,927,202.65 219.81%
CITIBANK, N.A. 3,264,950,653.15 1,291,627,864.19 252.78%
RB OF BROOKE'S POINT (PALAWAN) INC 4,404,030.46 1,713,082.81 257.08%
METRO CEBU PUBLIC SAVINGS BANK 23,384,067.58 8,869,721.90 263.64%
RB OF STA IGNACIA INC 8,194,212.85 2,374,651.67 345.07%
HONGKONG & SHANGHAI BANKING CORP 1,811,484,973.00 486,529,984.57 372.33%
KEB HANA BANK - MANILA BRANCH 88,242,824.15 23,050,205.96 382.83%
PHIL TRUST COMPANY 3,954,737,831.65 875,734,764.84 451.59%
QUEEN CITY DEVELOPMENT BANK INC OR QUEENBANK A THRIFT BANK 20,137,074.55 3,119,682.52 645.48%
BANGKOK BANK PUBLIC CO LTD 540,411,720.00 18,892,016.89 2860.53%
MEGA INT'L COMM'L BANK CO LTD 229,024,017.81 4,453,000.00 5143.14%
AL-AMANAH ISLAMIC INVESTMENT BANK OF THE PHILS 6,354,621.47 107,342.00 5919.98%
ING BANK N.V. 13,866,120.79 104.48 13271555.12%
AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND BANKING GROUP LIMITED 39,041,785.78 0.00 NA
BANK OF AMERICA N.A. 8,400,899.05 0.00 NA
BANK OF CHINA LIMITED-MANILA BRANCH 193,289,274.82 0.00 NA
BDO PRIVATE BANK, INC. 5,792,084.53 0.00 NA
CATHAY UNITED BANK CO LTD - MANILA BRANCH 38,777,318.61 0.00 NA
CHANG HWA COMMERCIAL BANK LTD - MANILA BRANCH 12,812,500.00 0.00 NA
CIMB BANK PHILIPPINES INC 234,440.71 0.00 NA
DEUTSCHE BANK AG 221,552,191.68 0.00 NA
FIRST COMMERCIAL BANK LTD MANILA BRANCH 9,368,838.18 0.00 NA
HUA NAN COMMERCIAL BANK LTD MANILA BRANCH 6,396,419.86 0.00 NA
INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL BANK OF CHINA LIMITED - MANILA BRA 3,451,706.00 0.00 NA
INDUSTRIAL BANK OF KOREA MANILA BRANCH 41,751,818.38 0.00 NA
ISLA BANK(A THRIFT BANK) INC 4,290,580.33 0.00 NA
JP MORGAN CHASE BANK NATIONAL ASSN. 16,000,000.00 0.00 NA
MIZUHO BANK LTD - MANILA BRANCH 514,791,487.34 0.00 NA
MUFG BANK, LTD. 388,070,289.46 0.00 NA
SHINHAN BANK - MANILA BRANCH 42,466,409.48 0.00 NA
SUMITOMO MITSUI BANKING CORPORATION-MANILA BRANCH 16,701,846.45 0.00 NA
UNITED OVERSEAS BANK LIMITED MANILA BRANCH 19,323,128.92 0.00 NA
Grand Total 194,813,360,017.92 206,594,500,021.52 94.30%


Source: www.bsp.gov.ph

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